How can genetic damage from radiation exposure manifest in individuals?

Genetic damage from radiation exposure primarily manifests as increased susceptibility to certain diseases in future generations. This occurs because radiation can cause mutations in the DNA of germ cells (sperm and eggs). If these mutations are passed on to offspring, they can result in various health issues, including genetic disorders or increased likelihood of developing diseases like cancer in subsequent generations.

This long-term impact is one of the critical concerns regarding radiation exposure, emphasizing the importance of protective measures, especially for individuals who may work in environments with potential radiation risks. The other options focus on immediate effects or improvements in health, which do not align with the biological mechanisms by which radiation-induced genetic damage is understood.