What does the term "radioactive decay" mean?

The term "radioactive decay" specifically refers to the phenomenon where an unstable atomic nucleus transforms into a more stable one by emitting radiation. This process can involve the release of particles such as alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays. During radioactive decay, the nucleus transitions from a state of higher energy to a lower energy state, resulting in a change in the number of protons and/or neutrons, which ultimately leads to the formation of different elements or isotopes.

Understanding this process is crucial for radiological workers because it relates directly to safety protocols when working with radioactive materials. The emission of radiation during decay is what potentially poses health risks, and it is essential for workers to be trained in recognizing and managing these risks. The other options, while they may involve concepts related to nuclear processes, do not correctly define the specific action of radioactive decay.