What is the function of a Geiger-Müller counter?

A Geiger-Müller counter is specifically designed to detect and measure ionizing radiation, which includes alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. This instrument operates using a Geiger-Müller tube filled with a low-pressure gas that becomes ionized when radiation passes through it. The ionization creates a cascade of electrons that produces a measurable electrical pulse, which is then counted and displayed on the device.

Using this counter is crucial in various environments where radiation is present, such as in medical facilities, nuclear power plants, and research laboratories, as it enables workers to assess radiation levels and ensure safety protocols are being followed. Its ability to provide immediate feedback on radiation levels makes it a vital tool for monitoring exposure and securing safe operating conditions in radiological settings.

Other functions mentioned, such as generating radiation or providing protection and first aid, do not align with the fundamental purpose of a Geiger-Müller counter, reinforcing the importance of understanding the intended application of this instrument in radiological contexts.