Which type of radiation has high penetration power and requires special materials for shielding?

Gamma rays possess high penetration power, making them the most challenging type of radiation to shield against. Unlike alpha particles, which can be stopped by a sheet of paper, and beta particles, which require materials like plastic or glass for adequate shielding, gamma rays can penetrate through most materials, including human tissue and common building materials.

To effectively shield against gamma radiation, denser materials such as lead or several inches of concrete are utilized. This robustness is necessary because gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation, similar to X-rays, and can travel substantial distances through air and other materials. In environments where gamma radiation is present, selecting appropriate shielding materials is critical to ensure safety and minimize exposure, emphasizing the need for specific materials designed to attenuate such high-energy photons.